Bridge Line Width + Improve bridge density (#11255)
* Base * Standarized Co-Authored-By: Rodrigo Faselli <162915171+RF47@users.noreply.github.com> * Wiki * Improved descriptions based in RF47 Tests Co-Authored-By: Rodrigo Faselli <162915171+RF47@users.noreply.github.com> * Bridge Flow Wiki * Removed CMATH Co-Authored-By: Rodrigo Faselli <162915171+RF47@users.noreply.github.com> * Default to 100 * Revert "TESTING BRIDGE DENSITY" This reverts commit 8634f802311cd3877b0dd5651029b30b2d4eab60. Removed desc change * Minor changes Co-Authored-By: Noisyfox <timemanager.rick@gmail.com> * Update LayerRegion.cpp * Missing ; Co-authored-by: Rodrigo Faselli <162915171+RF47@users.noreply.github.com> * Restrict bridge line width to nozzle diameter * Clarification * Increased both Bridge Densitys to 125 Co-Authored-By: Valerii Bokhan <80919135+valerii-bokhan@users.noreply.github.com> * Valerii check Co-Authored-By: Valerii Bokhan <80919135+valerii-bokhan@users.noreply.github.com> * Fix error handling * Clarify thick bridges documentation and tooltips Updated the documentation and tooltips for 'thick_bridges' and 'thick_internal_bridges' to clarify that bridge extrusion uses a line height equal to the nozzle diameter, and to better explain the trade-offs between strength, reliability, and appearance. * Partially restore bridge_flow description * Suggestions --------- Co-authored-by: Rodrigo Faselli <162915171+RF47@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Noisyfox <timemanager.rick@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Valerii Bokhan <80919135+valerii-bokhan@users.noreply.github.com>
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Ian Bassi
@@ -1283,47 +1283,73 @@ void PrintConfigDef::init_fff_params()
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def = this->add("bridge_density", coPercent);
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def->label = L("External bridge density");
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def->category = L("Strength");
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def->tooltip = L("Controls the density (spacing) of external bridge lines. Default is 100%.\n\n"
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"Lower density external bridges can help improve reliability as there is more space for air to circulate "
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"around the extruded bridge, improving its cooling speed. Minimum is 10%.\n\n"
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"Higher densities can produce smoother bridge surfaces, as overlapping lines provide "
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"additional support during printing. Maximum is 120%.\n"
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"Note: Bridge density that is too high can cause warping or overextrusion.");
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def->tooltip = L("Controls the density (spacing) of external bridge lines. Default is 100%.\n"
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"Theoretically, 100% means a solid bridge, but due to the tendency of bridge extrusions to sag, 100% may not be sufficient.\n\n"
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"- Higher than 100% density (Recommended Max 125%):\n"
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" - Pros: Produces smoother bridge surfaces, as overlapping lines provide additional support during printing.\n"
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" - Cons: Can cause overextrusion, which may reduce lower and upper surface quality and increase the risk of warping.\n\n"
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"- Lower than 100% density (Min 10%):\n"
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" - Pros: Can create a string-like first layer. Faster and with better cooling because there is more space for air to circulate around the extruded bridge.\n"
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" - Cons: May lead to sagging and poorer surface finish.\n\n"
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"Recommended range: Minimum 10% - Maximum 125%.");
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def->sidetext = "%";
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def->min = 10;
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def->max = 120;
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def->max = 125;
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def->mode = comAdvanced;
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def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionPercent(100));
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def = this->add("internal_bridge_density", coPercent);
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def->label = L("Internal bridge density");
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def->category = L("Strength");
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def->tooltip = L("Controls the density (spacing) of internal bridge lines. 100% means solid bridge. Default is 100%.\n\n"
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"Lower density internal bridges can help reduce top surface pillowing and improve internal bridge reliability as there is more space for "
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"air to circulate around the extruded bridge, improving its cooling speed.\n\n"
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"This option works particularly well when combined with the second internal bridge over infill option, "
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"further improving internal bridging structure before solid infill is extruded.");
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def->tooltip = L("Controls the density (spacing) of internal bridge lines. Default is 100%. 100% means a solid internal bridge.\n\n"
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"Internal bridges act as intermediate support between sparse infill and top solid infill and can strongly affect top surface quality.\n\n"
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"- Higher than 100% density (Recommended Max 125%):\n"
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" - Pros: Improves internal bridge strength and support under top layers, reducing sagging and improving top-surface finish.\n"
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" - Cons: Increases material use and print time; excessive density may cause overextrusion and internal stresses.\n\n"
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"- Lower than 100% density (Min 10%):\n"
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" - Pros: Can reduce pillowing and improve cooling (more airflow through the bridge), and may speed up printing.\n"
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" - Cons: May reduce internal support, increasing the risk of sagging and top surface defects.\n\n"
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"This option works particularly well when combined with the second internal bridge over infill option to improve bridging further before solid infill is extruded.");
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def->sidetext = "%";
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def->min = 10;
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def->max = 100;
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def->max = 125;
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def->mode = comAdvanced;
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def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionPercent(100));
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def = this->add("bridge_flow", coFloat);
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def->label = L("Bridge flow ratio");
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def->category = L("Quality");
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def->tooltip = L("Decrease this value slightly (for example 0.9) to reduce the amount of material for bridge, to improve sag.\n\n"
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def->tooltip = L("This value governs the thickness of the external (visible) bridge layer.\n"
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"Values above 1.0: Increase the amount of material while maintaining line spacing. This can improve line contact and strength.\n"
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"Values below 1.0: Reduce the amount of material while adjusting line spacing to maintain contact. This can improve sagging.\n\n"
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"The actual bridge flow used is calculated by multiplying this value with the filament flow ratio, and if set, the object's flow ratio.");
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def->min = 0;
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def->max = 2.0;
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def->mode = comAdvanced;
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def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionFloat(1));
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def = this->add("bridge_line_width", coFloatOrPercent);
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def->label = L("Bridge");
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def->category = L("Quality");
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def->tooltip = L("Bridge line width is expressed either as an absolute value or as a percentage of the active nozzle diameter (percentages are computed from the nozzle diameter).\n"
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"Recommended to use with a higher Bridge density or Bridge flow ratio.\n\n"
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"The maximum value is 100% or the nozzle diameter.\n"
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"If set to 0, the line width will match the Internal solid infill width.");
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def->sidetext = L("mm or %");
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def->ratio_over = "nozzle_diameter";
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def->min = 0;
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def->max = 100;
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def->max_literal = 10;
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def->mode = comAdvanced;
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def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionFloatOrPercent(100., true));
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def = this->add("internal_bridge_flow", coFloat);
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def->label = L("Internal bridge flow ratio");
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def->category = L("Quality");
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def->tooltip = L("This value governs the thickness of the internal bridge layer. This is the first layer over sparse infill. Decrease this value slightly (for example 0.9) to improve surface quality over sparse infill."
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"\n\nThe actual internal bridge flow used is calculated by multiplying this value with the bridge flow ratio, the filament flow ratio, and if set, the object's flow ratio.");
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def->tooltip = L("This value governs the thickness of the internal bridge layer. This is the first layer over sparse infill so increasing it may increase strength and upper layer quality.\n"
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"Values above 1.0: Increase the amount of material while maintaining line spacing. This can improve line contact and strength.\n"
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"Values below 1.0: Reduce the amount of material while adjusting line spacing to maintain contact. This can improve sagging.\n\n"
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"The actual bridge flow used is calculated by multiplying this value with the filament flow ratio, and if set, the object's flow ratio.");
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def->min = 0;
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def->max = 2.0;
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def->mode = comAdvanced;
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@@ -1907,16 +1933,18 @@ void PrintConfigDef::init_fff_params()
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def = this->add("thick_bridges", coBool);
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def->label = L("Thick external bridges");
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def->category = L("Quality");
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def->tooltip = L("If enabled, bridges are more reliable, can bridge longer distances, but may look worse. "
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"If disabled, bridges look better but are reliable just for shorter bridged distances.");
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def->tooltip = L("If enabled, bridge extrusion uses a line height equal to the nozzle diameter.\n"
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"This increases bridge strength and reliability, allowing longer spans, but may worsen appearance.\n"
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"If disabled, bridges may look better but are generally reliable only for shorter spans.");
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def->mode = comAdvanced;
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def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionBool(false));
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def = this->add("thick_internal_bridges", coBool);
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def->label = L("Thick internal bridges");
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def->category = L("Quality");
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def->tooltip = L("If enabled, thick internal bridges will be used. It's usually recommended to have this feature turned on. However, "
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"consider turning it off if you are using large nozzles.");
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def->tooltip = L("If enabled, internal bridge extrusion uses a line height equal to the nozzle diameter.\n"
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"This increases internal bridge strength and reliability when printed over sparse infill, but may worsen appearance.\n"
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"If disabled, internal bridges may look better but can be less reliable over sparse infill.");
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def->mode = comAdvanced;
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def->set_default_value(new ConfigOptionBool(true));
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@@ -10269,8 +10297,8 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string> validate(const FullPrintConfig &cfg, bool und
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error_message.emplace("bridge_flow", L("invalid value ") + std::to_string(cfg.bridge_flow));
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}
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// --bridge-flow-ratio
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if (cfg.bridge_flow <= 0) {
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// --internal-bridge-flow-ratio
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if (cfg.internal_bridge_flow <= 0) {
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error_message.emplace("internal_bridge_flow", L("invalid value ") + std::to_string(cfg.internal_bridge_flow));
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}
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@@ -10328,13 +10356,18 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string> validate(const FullPrintConfig &cfg, bool und
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// extrusion widths
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{
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double max_nozzle_diameter = 0.;
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double min_nozzle_diameter = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
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for (double dmr : cfg.nozzle_diameter.values)
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{
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max_nozzle_diameter = std::max(max_nozzle_diameter, dmr);
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min_nozzle_diameter = std::min(min_nozzle_diameter, dmr);
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}
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const char *widths[] = {
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"outer_wall_line_width",
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"inner_wall_line_width",
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"sparse_infill_line_width",
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"internal_solid_infill_line_width",
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"bridge_line_width",
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"top_surface_line_width",
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"support_line_width",
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"initial_layer_line_width",
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@@ -10342,8 +10375,13 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string> validate(const FullPrintConfig &cfg, bool und
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"skeleton_infill_line_width"};
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for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(widths) / sizeof(widths[i]); ++ i) {
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std::string key(widths[i]);
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if (cfg.get_abs_value(key, max_nozzle_diameter) > MAX_LINE_WIDTH_MULTIPLIER * max_nozzle_diameter) {
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error_message.emplace(key, L("too large line width ") + std::to_string(cfg.get_abs_value(key)));
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double abs_width = cfg.get_abs_value(key, max_nozzle_diameter);
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double allowed_max = (key == "bridge_line_width") ? min_nozzle_diameter : MAX_LINE_WIDTH_MULTIPLIER * max_nozzle_diameter;
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if (abs_width > allowed_max) {
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if (key == "bridge_line_width")
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error_message.emplace(key, L("Bridge line width must not exceed nozzle diameter: ") + std::to_string(abs_width));
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else
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error_message.emplace(key, L("too large line width ") + std::to_string(abs_width));
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//return std::string("Too Large line width: ") + key;
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}
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}
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