Fix segfault in CLI mode when extruder/filament options absent
When slicing via CLI (--slice) with a BBL printer profile such as the
P1S, update_values_to_printer_extruders and
update_values_to_printer_extruders_for_multiple_filaments dereference
option pointers without checking for nullptr first, causing a SIGSEGV.
Root cause: printer profiles that have different_extruder=true (e.g.
P1S variants) trigger these code paths even in single-extruder CLI
invocations where filament_map, extruder_type, and nozzle_volume_type
options may not be present in the resolved config.
Fix: add null guards before dereferencing option<> / dynamic_cast<>
results, consistent with the pattern used in PR #12719. Log a warning
and return early rather than crashing.
Fixes CLI --slice segfault (exit 139) with P1S profiles.
Related: #12426, #12719
51b624d7ee